These include The Descent of Inanna, The Huluppu Tree, and Inanna and the God of Wisdom. One of her depictions is that of an eight-pointed star. These children of An at some point or other included Ningirsu, Gatumdug, Baba, Adad, Enki, Enlil, Girra, Nanna, Nergal, Sara, Inana, Nanaya, Nidaba, Ninisinna, Ninkarrak, Ninmug, Ninnibru, Ninsumun, Nungal and Nukusu. After death, the spirit or ghost (gidim in Sumerian) of the deceased would make its journey to the underworld, overcoming obstacles and threats along the way. As the first of the Supreme Triad of Sumerian gods, An/Anu was seen as the father of the gods. He seduced her too, which resulted in the creation of the spider goddess Uttu (“Weaver of the Web of Life”). Therefore, we will only focus on a few key Sumerian gods and goddesses that make up the bulk of the mythological stories of Sumer. The lamassu (male) and aspasu (female) were helpful and protective; they represented stars, zodiacs and constellations. Inana/Ishtar bestowed power onto the kings who evoked her. To do that, she devised a plan to steal Enki’s divine decrees that outline the wisdom and knowledge of civilization-making. In the abzu, the Abgal accompanied Enki. In the Sumerian sacred marriage rites, kings would invoke the god Dumuzi, consort of Inana, and have union with the high priestess of Inana who was a representation of the goddess herself. The Akkadian god Shamash was probably directly derived from the Sumerian counterpart Utu, with both entities being projected as the god of the sun and divine justice.However, interestingly enough, while Utu had been depicted as the son of Moon-god Sin (summarized in the earlier entry), Shamash, as one of the Mesopotamian gods, was … In modern Turkic cultures, Tengri is the only god, while back then in Sumerian culture it was used as the name of a god in general and they had many gods, An, the Sky god being the highest. Otherwise, the gidim would go thirsty and have nothing to eat but dust. Some morphed into others, some faded out completely, and some retained their strength throughout the ancient Mesopotamian timeline. Apart from An, Enlil, Enki and Inanna, there were three other deities that make up the seven most important gods and goddesses of the Sumerian pantheon. [Online] Available at: http://faculty.gvsu.edu/websterm/SumerianMyth.htm, history-world.org, 2017. Enki’s wife, Ninhursag, is one of the oldest and most important of Sumerian gods and goddesses. In the myth of Enki and Ninhursag, Enki and his wife Ninhursag have a daughter, the goddess Ninsar (“Lady Greenery”). In Inana’s Descent into the Netherworld, Inana went to attend the funeral of Gugalana, the bull that was slain by Gilgamesh. Symbol: Goat, Fish, GoatfishConsort: NinhursagCult Center: EriduMain Temple: E-abzu (“House of Abzu”). Their roles are therefore similar with many overlapping functions. An started out as the king of all of the gods, but later diminished in importance. http://faculty.gvsu.edu/websterm/SumerianMyth.htm, http://history-world.org/sumerian_gods_and_goddesses.htm, http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/deit/hd_deit.htm, http://www.mesopotamia.co.uk/gods/explore/main.html, 16 Famous People Killed by the Illuminati, What Doctors Say Are CBD Benefits Observed in Actual People, not Mice, No Longer a Conspiracy Theory: Elite Openly Paying to Ingest the Blood of the Young, Cannabis Extract Fights ‘Incurable Form’ of Leukemia, Chemtrails / GeoEngineering: the Greatest Crime of All Time…. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Inana tried to seduce the hero Gilgamesh, but having heard how she treats her lovers, he rejected her advances. The Abgal were seven demigod sages that were half men half fish created to teach wisdom to humankind. Based on the literary texts left behind by the Sumerians, it may be said that the most popular deity of the Sumerian pantheon was Inanna (known to the Assyrians and Babylonians as Ishtar). From the dark waters of this cosmic ocean, a mountain arose whose base was the earth and whose peak reached the top of heaven. [Online] Available at: http://history-world.org/sumerian_gods_and_goddesses.htm, Mark, J. J., 2011. The Gods Edit. It existed between the earth’s surface layer and the primeval waters below. Enki was also associated with wisdom, magic, in… An was believed to be a sky god, and was initially regarded to be the Lord of the Heavens, or the supreme deity of the Sumerian pantheon. Religion. The Mesopotamian Pantheon. He was the provider and lord of abundance. As Enki’s wife, she was sometimes called Damkina (“Faithful Wife”) and sometimes Ki (the earth goddess). The other types of utukku were the lamassu and aspasu, the “good” kind. Asked By adminstaff @ 15/12/2019 02:45 AM. Sumerian myths were passed down through the oral tradition until the invention of writing (the earliest myth discovered so far, the Epic of Gilgamesh, is Sumerian and is written on a series of fractured clay tablets). Enlil - The god of air, wind, and storms, Enlil held the Tablets of Destiny. The importance of the sun, moon, planets and stars is evident in their deification and the roles they played in myths, science, literature and everyday life. An, whose name means “sky” or “heaven”, was the sky-god who carried off heaven after its separation from earth, dwelling thereafter in heaven’s highest regions. Enlil also had a child with the goddess Ereshkigal—a minor god of disease and death named Namtar. These deities were anthropomorphic beings, and were meant to represent the natural forces of the world. Some of these deities also had their counterparts in the religion of other Mesopotamian peoples. [Online] Available at: http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/, Spar, I., 2009. faculty.gvsu.edu, 2017. This god is sometimes considered to be the father of Inanna. Sinners, do-gooders, kings and laymen alike ended up with the same sad fate… a dreary eternal life in the netherworld. Thus the importance of progeny was not just in having companionship and help with work during life, but was also a way to ensure that life after death would be tolerable. The Sumerian Gods seem to have been a bit more “alien” then later ideologies of what God is. This is similar to Cronos in the Greek myths, who was overthrown by his son and was rarely talked about after. and Here’s the Evidence. As the creator, he gifted humanity with arts and crafts, and the many things he taught them in order to create civilization. Sources:http://www.penn.museum/sites/iraq/?page_id=216http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section4/tr4322.htmhttp://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/sum/sum07.htmhttp://history-world.org/sumerian_gods_and_goddesses.htmhttp://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/index.html, ©2015-2020 AETHYRIUSTRANSCENDENCE Works!ORDO AETHYRIUMSite Design: Artificer Media, http://www.penn.museum/sites/iraq/?page_id=216, http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section4/tr4322.htm, http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/sum/sum07.htm, http://history-world.org/sumerian_gods_and_goddesses.htm, http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/index.html. In ancient Mesopotamia, he was the god of mischief, wisdom, magic, incantations, semen and fresh-water. The living families did so not just out of love for the deceased, but also out of fear that the ghost of their dead family member would become angry and curse them with disease and misfortune. Mesopotamian Deities. The edimmu were the ghosts of those who were not buried correctly. The Queen of Heaven, Inana, patron deity of Uruk, decided she wanted her beloved city to become the prosperous center of ancient Sumer, and by doing so, also spread her own fame and glory. Her name means “Lady of the Sacred Mountain” and she is a fertility and mother goddess who was a patron to many rulers. According to legend, he filled the Tigris and Euphrates rivers with sparkling water and fish. During the middle of the 3rd millennium BCE, Sumerian deities became more anthrocentric and were "...nature gods transformed into city gods." During his daily journey, Utu comes from the mountain of the east, traveling across the sky in his barge to go down into the underworld through the mountains of the west. In addition, Ninhursag was the protectress of women and children, especially pregnant women and young children. Though she ruled the netherworld, and by virtue of doing so was a goddess of death, she was also a goddess of birth. They were thought to take revenge on the living by bringing them disease and evoke in them criminal behavior. There are dozens of Sumerian gods and goddesses who came in and out of importance throughout the years. Enlil’s wife is the goddess Ninlil. Zuism, based on the worship of Sumerian gods, registered as a religion in Iceland in 2013. The city associated with Anu was Uruk. It may be due to his role as a protector god that Enki was quite a popular and beloved god amongst the Sumerians. He was also the lord of constellations and king of gods, spirits and demons. From that moment on, the universe was ordered in the basic duality of an-ki, or sky-earth, which is represented in the male sky An and the female earth Ki. In some Sumerian myths, Enlil has been depicted as a kind of creator god. Sumerian Myth. The gods could even visit each other on occasion as in the case of the god Nabu whose statue was carried once a year from Borsippa to Babylon to visit his father Marduk. The moon’s ability to renew itself was thought to reflect Nanna’s ability to regenerate every month. Sumerian Religion - Agama and Tantric Tradition 2300 b. C. Study of the Sumerian Temple and Gods in the light of Agama and Tantric scriptures Gods had become not just a helper, hinderer or an agent of change, they had become lords – the owners and authorities over land. In Western mythology and religious tradition, ancient Sumer had lush vegetation and unpredictable water resources. Being connected with cattle, menstrual cycles and the ability to gift his regenerative powers made him a fertility god. It has been estimated that the deities in Sumerian pantheon numbered in the hundreds or even in the thousands. Many other Sumerian gods and goddesses were said to be his children in different myths and stories. In the only Sumerian creation story known to have survived, Enlil is said to have separated his father and mother, thus marking the beginning of creation. He would rise from the mountains of the east and set in the mountains of the west. When Marduk was elevated to that of highest in the Babylonian (and Mesopotamian) pantheon, he was given this new status when the gods exclaimed to him “your word is Anu!”. Together, they had the goddess Ninkurra (“Lady Fruitfulness”). Mythology. Asalluhe, in Mesopotamian religion, Sumerian deity, city god of Ku’ara, near Eridu in the southern marshland region. When gods’ powers increased, they were said to have “Anu-Power”, and he gave their decrees their authority. The Sumerians believed they had been created to serve their gods, and they served their gods with sacrificial offerings and supplications. The Mesopotamian afterlife was not made of a heaven and hell, where souls received punishment or reward. Note: This myth is similar to the catabolic allegories of being ripped apart, and recombined, to be elevated to a new level of spiritual life—a process used in practical alchemy to exalt a substance to a spiritual level as a quintessence in order to ingest it as a true psycho-spiritual sacrament. The Sumerians associated Enki with wisdom, magic and incantations, and was one of the three most powerful gods in the Sumerian pantheon, the other two being Ana and Enlil. But inactivity put it at risk of being de-registered by the authorities earlier this year. Read here to learn more about Mesopotamian religion. The Sumerian religion was polytheistic in nature, and the Sumerians worshipped a great number of deities. SEVEN YEARS AGO, in 2010, the Mardukite Research Organization finally surpassed material featured in the original collected anthology volume of the 'Mardukite Core' (Necronomicon Anunnaki Bible) with the release of LIBER-50, known then as "Gates of the Necronomicon" and later widely distributed among the public as SUMERIAN RELIGION by … He was of great importance to the Mesopotamians, almost as important as the Sumerian gods of the Supreme Triad. The drunken Enki, in a moment of merriment, gifted Inana one hundred of the divine decrees. Namma is one of the oldest Mesopotamian deities, and in Sumerian mythology was believed to be the mother who gave birth to the first Sumerian gods and the world. Certain rituals could be performed to protect against them or dissolve their effects. The Sumerian god of the sky was An. Gods, Goddesses, Demons & Monsters. Annuna meaning “sons of An” or “princely offspring”. He resided in the abzu, the sea underneath the earth. For more information on how humankind was created according to different Mesopotamian traditions, read our earlier post. Enki was another important deity in the Sumerian pantheon. Sumerian Gods. One of them is Utu, a sun god and god of justice. As the god of the sun, he is the provider of light. Do you know the better answer! He had the power to create and destroy. In the underworld, he is a decider of fates. But Inana managed to reach Uruk with the decrees and was able to exalt her city to that of the center of civilization. These tablet… Thankfully, before her descent, she had instructed her minister Ninshubur to bring the help of other deities if anything went wrong. The ruler of the underworld was the goddess Ereshkigal, whose name means “Lady of the Great Earth”. And as a fertility god with the ability to bestow said powers to human beings, he ensured the continuation of humanity, crops, animals and life in general. It must be noted that later Mesopotamian rulers, in the twenty-first century BC, would invoke his name and associate his lineage with their own. His importance lies in the role he played during the act of creation. Marduk, himself, was honored greatly in this same way at the New Year Festival in Babylon when his statue was carried out of the temple, through the city, and to a special little house outside … He did so by advising a man to build an ark and take his family and many animals onboard. Inanna was worshipped as the goddess of sexuality, passion, love and war. Symbol: Horned HelmetConsort: NinlilCult Center: NippurMain Temple: E-kur (“Mountain House”). Many other Sumerian gods and goddesses were thought to be his children in different myths. Kings would then be symbolically married to the goddess. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. Sumerian Prayers [Click on bookmark] A prayer for Rim-Sin (Rim-Sin E): translation. Utu-hengal, the king of Uruk, adopted Gilgamesh as his patron deity. The ancient Mesopotamians are famous for their astronomy and astrology, though the Babylonians are credited with the more sophisticated observations and with creating a much more accurate calendar. He is also depicted on the Code of Hammurabi handing the king a rod and rope to measure justice with. In many of the most famous and most often copied Sumerian stories, myths and hymns, one would find Inanna playing a prominent role. He also had a minister named Isimu, a two-faced god who served him. The Biggest Secret: Do Reptilian-Human Hybrids Run Our World? Nanna’s main symbol was that of the bull, whose horns resembled the crescent moon, and he himself was often represented as a cowherd. In the Sumerian texts, their Gods came here from the planet Nibiru. Inana’s personality is split into two sometimes-opposing characteristics. Religion. The head of the Sumerian Pantheon is the Sky God Anu. In the end, the hero Ninurta managed to slay him. Her popularity lasted throughout Mesopotamian history, when she became the goddess Ishtar, whose famous gates are a treasure of the era and a testament to the beauty and luxury of Mesopotamian architecture. Nanna’s wife was Ningal, goddess of reeds, daughter of Enki and Ninkurra, who bore him the goddess Inana and the god Utu. Humans were created to take over the work of the gods. As the god of fresh water, water that gave life to the people and the land, he was associated with fertility and sexual virility. In ancient Sumerian religion and mythology, the universe was at first a primordial sea or cosmic ocean, deified by the goddess Namma. Sumerians believed in anthropomorphic polytheism, or of many gods in human form, which were specific to each city-state. Together they bore the gods Nanna, Nergal, Ninazu, Enbilulu, Ninurta and Baba. In the creation of the cosmos, Enlil is the god that separated heaven and earth, with the god An carrying away heaven while Enlil carried the earth. As the god of magic and incantations, he was evoked for rituals, exorcisms and to keep away evil. The Sumerian religion. His warmth helps the crops and his light fills the sky during the day. In some myths, he was attributed with the creation of humankind by suggesting that his mother Namma insert clay from the abzu into her womb in order to birth human beings. Earth consisted of the ground and the land of the dead beneath it. The passing of the sun and moon through the gates between the two different worlds was what connected them. This cosmologica… It is from these texts that the nature of this goddess is known to us today. She did so more obviously through her warrior side, sometimes represented by the lion (most famously portrayed on the Babylonian Gates of Ishtar). He could send down storms and plagues, but also help plants grow and make the land plentiful. It was Enki, for example, who warned Ziusudra about the flood that the gods intended to send to wipe out the human race. Enlil took over his father’s role as the king of the gods. But as he giveth, he taketh away. If the gods weren’t happy, they became cranky and took it out on the people – or so they believed. How many gods were in the Sumerian religion? There are many more myths, roles, functions and depictions of this Sumerian goddess that show her versatility, power and complexity. Priests claimed their status on their association with these lords of land. Together they had a few children, but in one particular myth, the genealogy of their daughters and granddaughters is explained in a surprising way…. Again, different contexts show different genealogies. The edimmu were a type of utukku, a ghost or spirit of the deceased that escaped the underworld either by their own will or through summoning. - 6945952 nightdeamon nightdeamon 11/09/2017 Social Studies College How many gods were in the Sumerian religion? Ziggurats were huge, with built in steps. In the netherworld, the dead lived similarly to the living, though in much worse conditions. The core pantheon consisted of An (heaven), Enki (a healer and friend to humans), Enlil (gave spells spirits must obey), Inanna (love and war), Utu (sun-god), and Sin (moon-god). Enlil, like An, was said to decree the fates, gift kingship onto kings and give commands that cannot be changed.

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