Was the most powerful spokesman for censorship. Political machines like Tammany Hall took advantage of the needs of these immigrants to consolidate political power and benefit financially from their positions. This was significant because it united the rich and poor whites of the Tidewater region and the Carolina colonies in the formation and growth of the African slave trade in America. The Republicans nominated General Grant for the presidency in 1868.The Republican Party supported the continued Reconstruction of the South, while Grant stood on the platform of "just having peace." His wealth and influence gave him great power in the country. Alexander Graham Bell Invents Telephone 1876. The age between the Civil War and WWI when the American economy grew rapidly and individuals were able to use monopolies to amass great wealth. San Francisco's City Hall was destroyed in the earthquake and fire of 1906, and many Chinese used the lack of records to claim lineage to legal residents. Topics: Gilded Age Politics: 1868-1890 President Grant. After the Civil War former landowners "rented" plots of land to blacks and poor whites in such a way that the renters were always in debt and therefore tied to the land. Outlawed Chinese immigration for 10 years and explicitly denied naturalization rights to Chinese in the U.S. (not allowed to become U.S. citizens) Signed into law by Chester B. Arthur. Factories purged smoke and industrial waste into the air and water ways further damaging the surrounding environment. The powerful individuals that led and created these monopolies became known as robber barons. Companies used militia were used to break up strikes and protests. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park", Monopoly- a business that controls so much of a product, service, or industry that little or no competition exists. Ruby Ross changed description of John D. Rockefeller. The ability to talk directly to employees allowed businesses to expand without fear of being out of touch. The government saw this as part of Manifest Destiny and pushed to connect Pacific coast to the east. By the time of his death in 1877, his companies controlled 4,500 miles of track and linked New York City to the Great Lake Region. No one knew who threw the bomb, but eight anarchists were charged with murder because their words had incited the throwing of the bomb. Government benefited from a transportation system for military and a better/cheaper way to move mail. A lifelong battler for the welfare of women, children, blacks, and consumers. Located in Utah, it is the point where the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads met to connect the Atlantic and Pacific states. Exact Definition. Scottish-born industrialist who developed the U.S. steel industry; master the art of vertical integration to build his monopoly and limit competition. A Puritan New Englander who wrote more than a hundred volumes of juvenile fiction during his career; the famous "rags to riches" theme. He also helped found the NAACP. reasons why the South was slow to industrialize (4) natural resources, rivers, textiles. Chinese originally immigrated during the Gold Rush and to build railroads. The ability to produce greater quantities of stronger steel led to the expansion of railroad lines that crisscrossed the country. The railway system was able to connect the country and make it cheap and easy to transport raw materials as well as finished goods. They worked together, lectured, and wrote on the cause of women's rights and suffrage. New innovations in electricity, mechanization, and communication gave rise to industrial production never before seen in the modern world. These new public transportation systems utilized new innovations in electricity and resulted in the development of an electric subway systems, streetcars, and elevated trains in order to move people around the city. The Gilded Age, with its compulsory education laws and high literacy rates—in 1870 about 88 percent for white Americans and 20 percent for black Americans—saw a large growth in available reading for all, whether women's parlor magazines such as Ladies' Home Journal, genteel magazines for men and women such as Harper's Weekly and Scribner's, or dime novels by authors such as Ned Buntline, … Earned a Ph.D. from Harvard. Used as a justification against social welfare programs. This term was coined by Mark Twain in the late 1800s. The Gilded Age was a time of unprecedented growth of industry and technology in the United States following the Civil War and lasting until the beginning of the 20thCentury. prohibited rebates and pools, required railroads to publish rates, forbade discrimination against shippers, and outlawed charging more for short haul than for a long one over the same line, Reasons for post-war industrial expansion. A time of social unrest between the classes. Led the women of Hull House into a successful lobby in 1893 for an Illinois anti-sweatshop law that protected women workers and prohibited child labor. Enacted in part to protect jobs for whites because Chinese were willing to work for much lower wages. – Thomas Edison. United States author of inspirational adventure stories for boys. Chapter 23. Worked more with the Clayton Antitrust Act with came in 1914. The Gilded Age created record economic growth and made the United States the most dominant industrial power in the world. Loosely organized and originally a secret organization. Established by "General" William Booth, uniformed volunteers provided food, shelter, and employment to families, attracted poor with lively preaching and marching bands in order to instill middle-class virtues. Gilded Age The time after the Civil war and reconstruction that leads up to the 20th century This led to the American economy becoming stronger and more diversified it also led to monopolies and large corporations. In 1882, Rockefeller formed the Standard Oil Trust, which controlled upward of 95 percent of the refining capacity in the United States. The gospel of wealth significance Main ideas were that the wealth among the few was the natural and most efficient result of capitalism and great wealth brought responsibility and power … His book "Up from Slavery." Coxey's Army was a protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by Ohio businessman Jacob Coxey.They marched on Washington, D.C. in 1894, the second year of a four-year economic depression that was the worst in United States history to that time. All eight were found guilty in a sham trial. Covers the "forgettable presidents," bossism and political machines, and the Populist movement. His son continued the empire. Vast numbers of new immigrants for a large pool of labor; Railroads were able to move raw materials and finished goods. Wanted equal female pay, end to child/convict labor, employer-employee relations, proportional income tax; "bread and butter" unionism (higher wages, shorter hours, better conditions). Even building the railroads stimulating the economy because of the need for workers and raw materials. However, the Sherman Antitrust Act was eventually used to break up the powerful Standard Oil monopoly in 1911. Notable collector of art. Farmers responded to this case with increased political organizing, and Congress responded by creating the first real business regulatory body: the Interstate Commerce Commission. Also used as a justification for imperialism and expansion (the "superior" whites had a responsibility to look after the inferior races in a paternalistic way). The Gilded Age (AP US History) 1. The Gilded Age is a period of American history between 1870 and 1900. They wanted workers to own the means of production; a union for skilled laborers that fought for worker rights in a non-violent way. Believed that blacks should accept segregation and better themselves through education and job skills before trying to gain other rights. Encouraged women to become active in reform movements and brought about improved conditions in city neighborhoods. Monopolists took advantage of the lack of regulations within the economy to build financial empires that dominated the economic and political realm for nearly a half century. Funded many libraries. So, at a glance, the Gilded Age seems like a time of radical change for the country. John D. Rockefeller and his corporation Standard Oil came to dominate the oil and gas industry that fed the machines of the Industrial Revolution along with Andrew Carnegie who created the largest steel producing company in the world. Most Americans wanted political and social reforms during the Gilded Age, but reform efforts had minimal impact because the reformers could not agree on what types of reforms were needed or how This unification of the social classes in the desire for wealth created a growing support for the slave system in America. Andrew Carnegie elaborated on this in his book The Gospel of Wealth, in which he wrote that the wealthy should consider all revenues in excess of their own needs as "trust funds" to be used for the good of the community. Including a drag coefficient for a proceduralist approach dismisses the historians of art would include skill gaps and deficiencies, n. Significance understanding what potential energy in transit. The standard of living in America was leaping upward. The powerful individuals that led and created these monopolies became known as robber barons and they rose to power on the backs of the predominantly unskilled and unprotected labor force that fueled them. This meant only the federal government had a power that had been granted to the states. The Gilded Age is well known for its political scandals and extravagant displays of wealth. As economic control and political power became consolidated amongst an elite few, the federal government tried to reign power back to the government through federal legislation. It was their duty to use their riches to advance social progress. The Gilded Age brought immense economic and technological advances and thrust the United States to the forefront of economic productivity in the world. New innovations in electricity, mechanization, and communication gave rise to … Analyze the impact of big business on the economy and politics and the responses of Americans to these changes. However, the Gilded Age created record economic growth in GDP, annual wages, and wealth for the country and its workers and eventually made the United States the most dominant industrial power in the world. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton late 19th Century. 1. Also a philanthropist. Mark Twain called the late 19th century the "Gilded Age." Trusts would eventually form monopolies over key segments of the American economy. Formed General Electric. Helped replenish the U.S. gold supply in 1895 and prevented a panic. Named after the Mark Twain book with "gilded" meaning having a thin veneer of gold, but no gold on the inside. The inability of people to move around cities led to innovations of mass transit. Their goal was to slow down/block immigration and naturalization (gaining citizenship) in the US but they had little success and died out pretty fast during the election of 1856, … After the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869, the demand for the production of railways and train cars and eventually, the transportation of goods and people, became overwhelming. Immigrants from Asia passed through Angel Island near San Francisco before pursuing their own dreams in America. Credit Mobilier scandal A company was formed by owners of the Union Pacific Railroad for getting government contracts to build the railroad at highly inflated prices. Political machines like Tammany Hall took advantage of the needs of these immigrants to consolidate political power and benefit financially from their positions, using a process known as graft. Social reform efforts ushered in a new era of progressive thought and action that would become a consistent part of the national discussion throughout the 20thcentury. Others, like Cornelius Vanderbilt, oversaw the construction of thousands of miles of railroad lines and connected the country like never before and facilitating it all was J.P. Morgan who ran the nation’s banks and economic markets. He spent the rest of his life giving away $350 million to worthy cultural and educational causes. Newspaper journalists who called for social changes were known as muckrakers and advocated for social improvements throughout the city. The rapid growth of American cities in the 19th century, a result of both immigration and migration from rural areas, created huge problems for city governments, which were often poorly structured and unable to provide services. John D. Rockefeller. Gilded Age corruption, "Boss" Tweed ran New York City Democratic party and got $200 million from bribery, graft, and vote-buying. Most important and enduring American labor organization. Disappeared in the 1890s. See more. Tall, athletic, hair up, practical but feminine, capable, adventurous, beautiful. Third, a clear shift from a system of indentured servants (who were expensive and became resentful) to African slave labor (cheaper and controllable) in the South began shortly after Bacon’s Rebellion. These regulations initially did little to curb the power of these massive monopolies as the businessmen found loopholes to avoid it. Political corruption further threatened the cities as political machines worked for their own interests instead of the cities inhabitants. By 1920 and for the first time in American history, more people in the country lived in industrialized urban areas instead of agricultural rural areas. Significance: Standard Oil Co. controlled 90% of US pipelines and refineries, donations established colleges. Magazine image of the new ideal in women. The government granted of thousands of acres of public land to the railroads to help them build and paid the railroads a subsidy per mile. He believed that African Americans should strive for full rights immediately. Investment banker who channeled European capital into America and grew into a financial power; he also controlled one-sixth of the nation's railway system, and consolidated the steel industry with the United States Steel Corporation, the first billion-dollar corporation. People’s homes became illuminated with light beyond a simple candle or two and the nations standard of living increased thanks to new inventions like vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, and sewing machines that utilized electricity. New inventions and technological advances improved the quality of life during the Gilded Age and while all were important in one aspect or another, it was the ability to harness electricity that had one of the most significant effects. Companies could hire replacement workers in the event of a strike, jail strike organizers, and protect the interests of companies with military troops or court orders. Marked by political corruption and shady business deals. Immigration and migration in the Gilded Age Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. Factories consolidated production and machinery (as well as methodology) meant that workers could be more productive. Worked to replace wage system with with cooperative system where employees could control part of the company. Overview of the Gilded Age Digital History ID 2916. 500,000 workers from other industries joined their strike, and it continued to grow. In the face of the challenges of urbanization, newspapers and reformers began to call for change. This technique of “waving the bloody shirt” was most often employed by Radical Republicans in their efforts to focus public attention on Reconstruction issues still facing the country. The age between the Civil War and WWI when the American economy grew rapidly and individuals were able to use monopolies to amass great wealth. Social Darwinists justified the increasing inequality of late-nineteenth-century industrial American society as natural. As cities grew due to industrialization, millions of immigrants flooded the cities in the search of jobs and a better way of life. They rose massively during 1854, fueled by the fears that the country was being overwhelmed by German and Irish immigrants. B how much did the colombian sea. From: History is Old PowerPoint Presentation on the Politics of the United States during the Gilded Age (1877-1900). About the Author: Johnny Roy has been an Advanced Placement US History teacher for the past 8 years at Cuyahoga Heights High School just outside of Cleveland, Ohio. Excluded women, but worked for equal pay for women, but worked toward equal pay for women thinking that if women's labor were more expensive, it would drive them out of the work force. Congress proposed literacy tests to keep non-English speakers out Cleavland vetoed it. 1 Summary 2 Exact Definition 3 Importance 4 Helpful Links An agroeconomic strategy where land is given in return for a share of the crop produced. Traveled all over the country and world promoting the cause. The public outrage forced the government to pass legislation to protect public interests. Factories themselves could be located virtually anywhere thanks to the endless possibilities provided by the harnessing of electricity. Cities grew around railroad hubs. Khan Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. aspects of Southern industrialization (how they succeeded) land grants, tax exemption. APUSH - Long Essay Question LEQ 05.04 Question 1. His is a rags-to-riches story as he made a fortune in business and sold his holdings in 1901 for $447 million. Unhindered by government regulation, railroaders turned enormous profits using unethical methods. President Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) was an early reform minded president advocating for preservation of natural resources as well as challenging political machines and reforming social services. Worked with the courts, had a legal defense fund, peaceful marches, and political work. As American wages grew much higher than those in Europe, especially for skilled workers, the period saw an influx of millions of European immigrants. Association of skilled artisans (didn't want to organize unskilled laborers also wanted to keep women out of the workforce because they brought wages down and "belonged in the home"), led by Samuel Gompers that focused on wages and job security issues. The company also led the way in horizontal integration, controlling businesses in the same industry. – Jacob Riis. The public demanded justice. The law banned any mail that was designed to incite lust. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans. Start studying Chapter 17 A.P.U.S.H. 1869-1896 . His method of philanthropy targeted giving; he gave to education, medicine, and scientific research. Instrumental in obtaining passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920. However, crop diversification did begin to take place. Name:_____ Class Period:____ Due Date:___/____/____ Period 6 Term Review: The Gilded Age, 1865-1898 Purpose: This term review is not only an opportunity to review key concepts and themes, but it is also an exercise in historical analysis.This activity, if completed in its entirety BOP (Beginning of Period) by the unit test date, is worth 10 bonus points on the multiple choice test. They began asking if the nation had become a melting pot or a dumping ground. Significance of railroads- nations first business, increased other developments and promoted other industries, times zones were It provided skilled laborers with a union that was unified, large, and strong. The Gilded Age saw the rise of massive corporations known as trusts. Selling the Gibson look with purchasable sewing patterns made it possible to emulate. View APUSH_notes_1865-1900 from APUSH 1234 at Millennium High School. Disintegrated and disappeared after the panic of 1873. As the cities continued to grow, sanitation needs were obvious as horse manure, trash, and sewage flowed through open gutters. Susan B. Anthony had been an active abolitionist as well. Dissertation proposal abstract with apush essays gilded age. By 1920 and for the first time in American history, more people in the country lived in industrialized urban areas instead of agricultural rural areas. Staffed mostly by college-educated women. Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. Businesses owner fought against restrictions of immigration because they wanted the cheap labor. Used at first against unions (especially to break the Pullman Strike), but Teddy Roosevelt later used it extensively as a trust buster to go after corporations. The emerging influence of the Progressive Movement was felt as lobbyists pushed for federal legislation resulting in the 1906 passage of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. The New Immigrants of the 1880s came from southern and eastern Europe. Question 2. Actions. Such paintings emphasize and reinforce these essays age gilded apush class distinctions. Monopolies are created by trusts (a form of business consolidation in which several corporations combine their stock and allow a board of trustees to operate as a giant enterprise.) The Bessemer process, named for Henry Bessemer, revolutionized how steel was produced. AP® UNITED STATES HISTORY 2012 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 — Document-Based Question In the post–Civil War United States, corporations grew significantly in number, size, and influence. Politics of the Gilded Age PPT - APUSH New Framework - Period 6. He helped found the Niagara Movement in 1905 to fight for equal rights. The attempt to break the South of its reliance on slavery an industrialize the region. The lack of clean water was a primary cause for the spread of diseases such as cholera and typhoid that spread throughout the poorer neighborhoods. By this, he meant that this period was glittering on the surface but corrupt underneath ("Learn About the Gilded Age"). The trustees could set production quotas, fix prices, and control the markets. The region became a leader in the textile industry, but overall the effort failed, and the South remained mostly poor and unindustrialized. An American political group around the 1840s and 1850s that came after the Whig party. Marked by political corruption and shady business deals. These men, along with many others became some of the most powerful men in the country as they were able to create historical fortunes by bringing all these innovations to the masses at affordable prices. Social Gospel for APUSH® About the Author: Warren Hierl taught Advanced Placement U.S. History for twenty-eight years. New advances in industrial production and communication paved the way for the industrial revolution and business growth that took place during the Gilded Age. Inventor ad educator; his interest in electrical and mechanical devices to aid people with hearing impairments led to the development and patent of the telephone. The first time a particular ethnic group was restricted from immigration / [was extended numerous times]. However, this dramatic move to the cities came with its own set of challenges for the political machines and city governments, especially in the poor areas of the cities that became identified as the slums. First Federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies, and today still forms the basis for most antitrust litigation by the federal government. Chapter 17 Terms Key Terms Details Significance 1. The time of economic growth, the second industrial revolution, urbanization, immigration, and political/economic corruption. Passed nearly unanimously. Served as a general secretary of the National Consumers League. The Gilded Age brought immense economic and technological advances and thrust the United States to the forefront of economic productivity in the world. The "Bloody Shirt" Elects Grant. Along the East coast immigrants from Europe came through Ellis Island before they moved to the already congested areas of New York, Boston, and Philadelphia. Settlement house founded in 1889 in Chicago by Jane Addams, a social worker, that provided social, educational, and artistic programs to neighborhood residents. Pioneers in the Women's Suffrage Movement in the early 1900s. Social and religious organization founded in England and spread to the US. 1882, Asian immigrants restricted. The Gilded Age was a time of unprecedented growth of industry and technology in the United States following the Civil War and lasting until the beginning of the 20 th Century. it included the era of forgotten presidents (hayes, garfield, arthur, and … Mark Hanna, byname of Marcus Alonzo Hanna, (born Sept. 24, 1837, New Lisbon, Ohio, U.S.—died Feb. 15, 1904, Washington, D.C.), American industrialist and prototype of the political kingmaker; he successfully promoted the presidential candidacy of William McKinley in the election of 1896 and personified the growing influence of big business in American politics. Railroads inflated the prices of their stocks and gave out noncompetitive rebates to favored companies.

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