How did he institute the Eucharist… ", "Finality without Final Causes? (a) We know that Christ is whole and entire under both appearances because, "Christ having risen from the dead, dies now no more" (Romans 6:9). and elsewhere: "Therefore whoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord unworthily will have to answer for the body and blood of the Lord" (1 Corinthians 11:27). The matter used must be wheaten bread and grape wine; this is considered essential for validity.[44]. Catholic ministers administer the sacraments licitly to Catholic members of the Christian faithful alone, who likewise receive them licitly from Catholic ministers alone, without prejudice to the prescripts of §§2, 3, and 4 of this canon, and can. The Catholic church will not be overly literal in her interpretation of these statements, but would teach that Jesus is present whole and entire under both species. "[20] The first example, after the Last Supper, of this phrase used in a way that recalls a Eucharist celebration occurs when, in the Gospel of Luke, the resurrected Christ walked with two disciples on their way to Emmaus (see: Road to Emmaus appearance). Likewise with the chalice, and Paul concludes: "As often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the death of the Lord until he comes. 356. Does this change of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ continue to be made in the Church? The meaningfulness of this is evident from the number of churches that offer Exposition of the Blessed Sacrament on a regular basis. At the Roman Council VI, 1079, Berengarius affirmed: "I, Berengarius, in my heart believe and with my lips confess that through the mystery of the sacred prayer and the words of our Redeemer the bread and wine which are placed on the altar are substantially changed into the true and proper and living flesh and blood of Jesus Christ, our Lord..." (Denziger [Dz] §355). Is Jesus Christ whole and entire both under the appearances of bread and under the appearances of wine? (ibid.) Did anything of the bread and wine remain after their substance had been changed into Our Lord's body and blood? Jesus Christ instituted the Holy Eucharist, at the Last Supper with His apostles. (Ch. There is no bread and wine anymore. The attempt by some twentieth-century Catholic theologians to present the Eucharistic change as an alteration of significance (transignification rather than transubstantiation) was rejected by Pope Paul VI in his 1965 encyclical letter Mysterium fidei. The Institution of the Eucharist at the Last Supper. Holy Eucharist : The Recipient of The Eucharist. Because the loaf of bread is one, we, though many, are one body, for we all partake of the one loaf." The doctrine of transubstantiation is thus independent of Aristotelian philosophical concepts, and these were not and are not dogmata of the Church. Some dioceses have allowed pastors to make this determination as regards those in hospitals, nursing homes, and correctional centers. When did Christ give His priests the power to change bread and wine into His body and blood? this is the Cup of My blood.". This is also valid for members of other Churches which in the judgment of the Apostolic See are in the same condition in regard to the sacraments as these Eastern Churches. For this reason the consecrated elements are preserved, generally in a church tabernacle, for giving Holy Communion to the sick and dying, and also for the secondary, but still highly lauded, purpose of adoring Christ present in the Eucharist. Photo by Juliet Mousseau rscj. The Catholic Church accordingly believes that through transubstantiation Christ is really, truly and substantially present under the appearances of bread and wine, and that the transformation remains as long as the appearances remain. But that bread is bread before the words of the Sacraments; where the consecration has entered in, the bread becomes the Flesh of Christ" (The Sacraments, 333/339-397 A.D. v.2,1339,1340). [109], Since the Middle Ages the practice of Eucharistic adoration outside Mass has been encouraged by the popes. In early counter-Reformation times, Pope Julius III wrote in 1551: "There is, therefore, no room left for doubt that all the faithful of Christ in accordance with a custom always received in the Catholic Church offer in veneration the worship of latria which is due to the true God, to this most Holy Sacrament" (Dz §878). The likeness between the Jewish people as God's suffering servant and the unexpected[7] suffering Messiah is evident in these passages which speak of a paschal lamb (Is 53:7) whose life is "poured out" for the "sin of many" (Is 53:12).[8]. Adoration of the Eucharist is a sign of devotion to and worship of Christ, who is believed to be truly present. From St. Ephraim, ante 373: "Do not now regard as bread that which I have given you; but take, eat this Bread, and do not scatter the crumbs; for what I have called My Body, that it is indeed" (Jurgens §707). (For more on the philosophical concept, see Substance theory.) [90][92] There was also a collection to help widows and orphans and those in need because of reasons such as sickness. These words allude to the prophetic theme of the "many" among the exiled tribes of Israel to be redeemed in the New Exodus (Is 52:12) from and with the Gentiles (cf. Holy EucharistThe Holy Eucharist completes Christian initiation. The hat itself (what we call the "substance") has the shape, the colour, the size, the softness and the other appearances, but is distinct from them. When Our Lord instituted the Holy Eucharist, the twelve Apostles were present. This promise is related in … Christ instituted the Holy Eucharist in this way: He took bread, blessed and broke it, and giving it to His apostles, said: "Take and eat; this is My body;" then He took a cup of wine, blessed it, and giving it to them, said: "All of you drink of this; for this is My blood of the new covenant which is being shed for many unto the forgiveness of sins;" finally, He gave His apostles the commission: "Do this in remembrance of Me.". Other New Testament references to the Eucharist include: Early medieval block-printed Catholic prayer books or psalters contained many illustrations of pairings of prefigurings of the events of the New Testament in the Old Testament, a form known as biblical typology. (a) About a year before the Last Supper Our Lord promised to give us the Holy Eucharist. (2) To increase sanctifying grace and all the virtues in our souls. 355. In an age when most Christians were illiterate, these visual depictions came to be known as biblia pauperum, or poor man's bibles. The Eucharist is celebrated daily during the celebration of Mass, the eucharistic liturgy (except on Good Friday, when consecration takes place on Holy Thursday, but is distributed during the Solemn Afternoon Liturgy of the Passion and Death of the Lord, and Holy Saturday, when Mass may not be celebrated and the Eucharist may only be distributed as Viaticum). [39], However, as modern historical and Biblical studies have shown, using the word "propitiation", while it was St. Jerome's translation of the Vulgate, is misleading for describing the sacrifice of Jesus and its Eucharistic remembrance. (Luke 24:35)" This same phrase is used to describe a core activity of the first Christian community: "They devoted themselves to the teaching of the apostles and to the communal life, to the breaking of the bread and to prayers... every day they devoted themselves to meeting together in the temple area and to breaking bread in their homes" (Acts 2:42–47). Wherever there is suffering in the body, wherever members of it are in want or oppressed, we, because we have received the same body and are part of it, must be directly involved. . Holy Communion may be received under one kind (the Sacred Host or the Precious Blood alone), or under both kinds (both the Sacred Host and the Precious Blood). canon II). [113], For the Eucharistic Celebration or Mass in the, For the reforms of the Roman-Rite Mass after the, For the structure of the Mass before the Second Vatican Council, see, Old Testament Foundations of the Eucharist, Other New Testament accounts of the Eucharist, Adoration and Benediction outside of the Liturgy, Pimentel, Stephen. 351. A contemporary explanation of Christ's presence would give a holistic explanation of its meaning: "The Baltimore Catechism portrayed a sacrament as 'an outward sign instituted by Christ to give grace.' A re-enactment of the Last Supper of Jesus and his apostles, Communion involves the ingestion of wine and a wafer that are believed to be the blood and body of Jesus himself. The early disciples perpetuated this ritual insituted by Jesus, following his command: "These remained faithful to the teaching of the apostles, to the brotherhood, to the breaking of bread and to the prayers" (Acts of the Apostles, Chapter 2, Verse 42). 9). Those who are not ordained clergy may act as extraordinary Ministers of Holy Communion, distributing the sacrament to others. O incredible mystery!" [26], The second prefiguration mentioned by Aquinas is that of the Old Testament sacrifices, especially that on the Day of Atonement. Exposition of the Eucharist is the display of the consecrated host on an altar in a Monstrance. Only the baptized were permitted to receive the Eucharist, "But let no one eat or drink of your Thanksgiving (Eucharist), but they who have been baptized into the name of the Lord" (Ch. Cyprian's Treatise On The Lord's Prayer, c. 250, identifies the Eucharist with the daily bread mentioned in The Lord's Prayer: "And we ask that this bread should be given to us daily, that we who are in Christ, and daily receive the Eucharist for the food of salvation, may not, by the interposition of some heinous sin, by being prevented, as withheld and not communicating, from partaking of the heavenly bread, be separated from Christ's body" (Par. However, since according to Catholic dogma Christ has risen, the Church teaches that his body and blood are no longer truly separated, even if the appearances of the bread and the wine are. Those who have been raised to the dignity of the priesthood by Baptism and configured more deeply to Christ by Confirmation participate with the whole community in the Lord's own sacrifice by means of the Eucharist. this is My blood"? How did he institute the Eucharist… Eucharist (from εὐχαριστία, "thanksgiving") here refers to Holy Communion or the Body and Blood of Christ, which is consumed during the Catholic Mass or Eucharistic Celebration. §3. This section has special texts for the celebration, within Mass, of Baptism, Confirmation, Anointing of the Sick, Orders, and Marriage, leaving Confession (Penance or Reconciliation) as the only sacrament not celebrated within a celebration of the Eucharist. The consecrated host may be received either on the tongue or in the hand, at the discretion of each communicant. "And since in this divine sacrifice which is celebrated in the Mass, the same Christ who offered himself once in a bloody manner on the altar of the cross is contained and is offered in an unbloody manner. And this also has been made known, that certain deacons now touch the Eucharist even before the bishops. The form is of the bread and wine; the truth, of the flesh and blood..." (Dz §414-4). "This presence is called 'real' – by which is not intended to exclude the other types of presence as if they could not be 'real' too, but because it is presence in the fullest sense: that is to say, it is a substantial presence by which Christ, God and man, makes himself wholly and entirely present. For the cases mentioned in §§2, 3, and 4, the diocesan bishop or conference of bishops is not to issue general norms except after consultation at least with the local competent authority of the interested non-Catholic Church or community." "Regularly on each Sabbath day this bread shall be set out afresh before the Lord, offered on the part of the Israelites by an everlasting agreement. This fact has immediate practical consequences, as St. Paul once again reminds us. "Substance" here means what something is in itself. The only minister of the Eucharist (someone who can consecrate the Eucharist) is a validly ordained priest[50] (bishop or presbyter). Indeed, the Lord said: "He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him."[64]. The three synoptic Gospels and Paul's First Letter to the Corinthians contain versions of the Words of Institution: "Take, eat, this is my body.... Take, drink, this is my blood.... Do this in remembrance of me." (4) To be a pledge of everlasting life. Sacrament of Holy Eucharist (Holy Communion / Holy Qurbono) When and who instituted the sacrament [68], Catholics must make an outward sign of reverence before receiving. ... since it was for mankind only that Christ instituted this Eucharistic food of souls and commanded its reception. This promise is related in the sixth chapter of the Gospel according to Saint John. Zech 10:8-11). I desire the Bread of God, which is the Flesh of Jesus Christ, who was of the seed of David; and for drink I desire His Blood, which is love incorruptible" (Jurgens §54a). And having taken bread, he gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, "This is my body, which is being given for you; do this in remembrance of me." It is a sign of unity, a bond of charity, a paschal banquet, in which Christ is consumed, the mind is filled with grace, and a pledge of future glory is given to us."[38]. This is called the doctrine of concomitance. [66] In some countries a practice has recently arisen whereby someone who for some reason, such as not being a Catholic or not being in the state of grace, or not old enough to receive communion, cannot receive Communion may, with arms crossed, approach the priest who is distributing the Eucharist and be acknowledged instead. The Tree of Life After eating the fruit from the forbidden tree, Adam and Eve are denied the fruit of the Tree of Life. Similarly, St. Ambrose of Milan countered objections to the doctrine, writing "You may perhaps say: 'My bread is ordinary.' The consecrated hosts are not merely changed permanently into Eucharist, but are due the worship of latria. The Holy Communion, also known as the Eucharist is one of the most sacred rituals of Catholicism and is usually performed at every mass. 1323, 1337-1340. It has been practiced by saints such as Peter Julian Eymard, Jean Vianney and Thérèse of Lisieux. "The Todah Sacrifice as Pattern for the Eucharist. In addition to the ordinary ministers there is the formally instituted acolyte, who by virtue of his institution is an extraordinary minister of Holy Communion even outside the celebration of Mass. In other words, it actually was his body, while all the appearances open to the senses or to scientific investigation were still those of bread, exactly as before. The true Lamb of God was about to be slain and all was to be new. Revelation says that God will grant people to eat from the Tree of Life (Rev 2:7). What happened when Our Lord said: "This is My body . Hence, on Luke 22:19: 'This is My body which shall be delivered up for you,' Cyril says: 'Doubt not whether this be true; but take rather the Saviour's words with faith; for since He is the Truth, He lieth not.' We cannot opt out or say to a brother or sister: "I do not need you. 273. We share in a meal together, eating the same bread from the same table. In the Western Church, "the administration of the Most Holy Eucharist to children requires that they have sufficient knowledge and careful preparation so that they understand the mystery of Christ according to their capacity and are able to receive the body of Christ with faith and devotion. (1 Corinthians 5:7–8" Christ is the new lamb, and the Eucharist is the new bread of the Passover. Jesus instituted the Eucharist on Holy Thursday “the night on which he was betrayed” (1 Corinthians 11:23), as he celebrated the Last Supper with his apostles. (a) About a year before the Last Supper Our Lord promised to give us the Holy Eucharist. The Mass of the Early Christians. The term Eucharist is also used for the bread and wine when transubstantiated (their substance having been changed), according to Catholic teaching, into the body and blood of Jesus Christ. . A hat's shape is not the hat itself, nor is its colour the hat, nor is its size, nor its softness to the touch, nor anything else about it perceptible to the senses. On these days, a person is to attend Holy Mass and receive communion. Our Lord instituted the Holy Eucharist by taking bread, blessing, breaking, and giving to His Apostles, saying: "Take ye and eat. The Eucharist was instituted, as Jesus said, "for you", "for the forgiveness of sins" and, as Saint Paul taught, to form worshippers into one body in Christ. (a) About a year before the Last Supper Our Lord promised to give us the Holy Eucharist. There Jesus states: Jesus then points to the need for correspondence between the bread as a sign (sacrament) and the life of those who would profit from it: The New Testament tells of Jesus' celebration of the Jewish passover meal with his disciples before he died (though according to John's Gospel this meal would have been anticipated by Jesus – 19:14). Christ instituted the Holy Eucharist: (1) To unite us to Himself and to nourish our souls with His divine life. Manna The disciples were unable to recognize him for who he was until "while he was at table, he took bread, said the blessing, broke it, and gave it to them. "At the Last Supper, on the night he was betrayed, our Savior instituted the Eucharistic sacrifice of his Body and Blood, ... a memorial of his death and resurrection: a sacrament of love, a sign of unity, a bond of charity, a Paschal banquet 'in which Christ is consumed, the mind is filled with grace, and a pledge of future glory is given to us. "[2], Blessed Sacrament is a devotional term used in the Roman Catholic Church to refer to the Eucharistic species (the Body and Blood of Christ). The bread that we break, is it not a participation in the body of Christ? [99][100], Christian meditation performed in the presence of the Eucharist outside Mass is called Eucharistic meditation. The Holy Eucharist completes Christian initiation. (Session XIII, chapter IV; cf. (b) All Christians, with but few minor exceptions, held the true doctrine of the Real Presence from the time of Christ until the Protestant Revolution in the sixteenth century. Christ instituted the Holy Eucharist at the Last Supper, the night before He died. For if they eat with faith, even though some deadly poison is given to them, after this it will not be able to harm them. (2) To increase sanctifying grace and all the virtues in our souls. The Holy Eucharist is Christ Himself — His Body and Blood, His Soul and Divinity. In 1551 the Council of Trent officially defined that "by the consecration of the bread and of the wine, a conversion is made of the whole substance of the bread into the substance of the body of Christ our Lord, and of the whole substance of the wine into the substance of His blood; which conversion is, by the holy Catholic Church, suitably and properly called Transubstantiation."

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